Method of hydrogen generation

Project description

Method of hydrogen generation

The method can be used for producing hydrogen as in stationary installations and transportation. In the proposed method, the production of hydrogen is carried out by a chemical reaction between water and a composite of aluminum and alkali. The method can be used in cars and other moving and stationary systems that produce gaseous fuel to power internal combustion engines, turbines, and other devices and installations, for which necessary gaseous fuel. The method can be used hard metals, composites of metals and other solid materials, the interaction of which with water or other liquids capable of resulting in a total chemical reaction to produce flammable gases.

The known method of hydrogen production is a method based on the use of energy-accumulating substances (EAS), emit energy by chemical interaction with water Varshavsky I. L. energy-accumulating substances and their use. — Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1980. — P. 79-105... In this method, the reactor of the gasifier sleep EAV, served water withdrawn hydrogen. Liquid distribution in the layer of powder EAS provide an extensive system of channels to supply, consisting of a vertical collector, the height of which establish three fitting ending bits with cylindrical nozzles.

The disadvantages of analogue include the following:

— not enough interaction with water all the layers of powder EAS;

— high inertia because of the water accumulated in the reaction products, and disabling the installation of this part causes the continuation of the reaction.

The known method is patent RU No. 2258669 in which the reactor is placed granules of the solid reagent, liquid reagent served, withdrawn the hydrogen and the heat of reaction.

Solid reagent is placed in the hopper with the hatch, sealed during operation of the generator, and inside the hopper is administered starting the heater coolant line, which are included in the circuit of the heat exchanger for removing heat of reaction at its output.

The disadvantages of this invention include the following:

— the difficulty of controlling the process of production of hydrogen due to the loading of the granules of the solid reagent in the reaction vessel from the hopper;

— the complexity of the technological process due to the need before loading the granules of the solid reagent in the reaction vessel, pre-heating to the reaction temperature in the loading hopper;

— the dependence of the efficiency of the generator and its performance of the work from the hopper, which is used as an important element of the temperature control system of the generator.

The known method is patent RU No. 2253606 in which hydrogen production is carried out by a chemical reaction between water and a composite of aluminum in a reactor, inside of which a plate of a composite material of aluminum.

As the main drawback is the complexity of the technological process of changing reactive component.

The known method is patent RU 2407701 in which for the production of hydrogen by chemical reaction of water and a composite of aluminum and alkali, set inside the reactor plates of a composite of aluminum and alkali, was passed through the reactor the water and withdrawn produced hydrogen.

Plate of a composite of aluminum and alkali carry out a rectangular shape, place them inside the reactor in a replaceable cartridge, vertically lower side down, are placed along the radius uniformly over the circumference and is fixed from two sides in radial grooves of the fastener plates. Produced hydrogen is withdrawn from the reactor through the hole located in the upper part of the reactor. Flow and water drainage is carried out through the two holes located at the same level in the Central part of the reactor. Complete water drainage and removal of toxins from the reactor through the hole in the bottom of the reactor.

The described method allows to produce hydrogen by chemical reaction of a composite of aluminum with a content of NaOH 10% and water. The performance of this reactor is determined by the total surface area of the activated composite plates and their thickness and mass.

The disadvantages should include the need for a full stop of process of hydrogen generation when changing the cartridge of the composite plates of aluminum.

The proposed method aims at solving the task of creating technologies to increase the efficiency of generation of gaseous fuel is to provide a method of hydrogen generation in Autonomous hydrogen generator with the change of the reactive component without shutting down the process to produce hydrogen.

The result is achieved in that the product of a composite of aluminum (magnesium, beryllium) is performed in the form of a cube (parallelepiped) with holes in three orthogonal directions, place them in slatted containers that are placed each in a separate sealed reactor, through which the water passed through the inlet water hole, equipped with shut-off valves connected to the inlet line of water, and through the outlet for water hole, equipped with shut-off valves connected to the outlet line of the water, connect the highway with the heat exchanger. Hydrogen from the sealed reactor is withdrawn through openings, provided with shutoff valves connected to the hydrogen highway, which connects with the gas consuming device.

The amount of release of hydrogen to regulate the amount of water added to each reactor.

To determine the degree of izrashoduete resource material, record the time of each product in interaction with water and compare with the standard time.

For replacement of the product in each reactor close inlet and outlet stop valve water divert water together with the slag through the drain hole, close the shutoff valve of the hydrogen, and open the removable lid of the reactor and replace the product together with the grid container.

In the proposed method, the hydrogen is produced by chemical reaction of a composite of aluminum (magnesium, beryllium) with NaOH 10% and water. The performance of each of the reactors is determined by the total surface area of the holes of the cubic products of the activated composite and time — their thickness of the walls of the holes and ground the cube of the product.

The proposed method allows for rapid replacement of solid reagent, safety and lack of harmful emissions. Application of the modular principle allows for technology scaling. Resource unit filling all reactors can provide a continuous fuel cell operation at maximum design capacity during the estimated time. Standby time ensure the readiness of the apparatus implementing the proposed method to use can be quite a long calculation period.